1. Kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ingozi yokwehluleka kwezinso nokufa ngenxa yesifo sezinso
Ithimba lokuqukethwe le-WuXi AppTec i-Medical New Vision likhiphe izindaba zokuthi ucwaningo lwabantu abangu-10,000 lubonise ukuthi i-metformin ingase ithuthukise ingozi yokwehluleka kwezinso nokufa ngenxa yesifo sezinso.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini le-American Diabetes Association (ADA) elithi “Diabetes Care” (Diabetes Care) luveze ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwemithi nokusinda kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000 kukhombisa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezinesifo sezinso ezingamahlalakhona (CKD) zithatha iMetformin ukwehla kwengozi yokufa kanye nesifo sezinso sokuphela kwesigaba (ESRD), futhi ayikhulisi ingozi ye-lactic acidosis.
Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona siyinkinga evamile yesifo sikashukela.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sezinso esingatheni zinganikezwa i-metformin, ithimba labacwaningi laphenya iziguli ezingama-2704 eqenjini ngalinye kulawa amabili athatha i-metformin futhi engayithathi i-metformin.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangazange bathathe i-metformin, iziguli ezithatha i-metformin zancipha ngo-35% engcupheni yokufa okuyimbangela yonke kanye nokwehla ngamaphesenti angama-33 engcupheni yokuqhubekela phambili nesifo sezinso esisekupheleni.Lezi zinzuzo zavela kancane kancane ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-2.5 yokuthatha i-metformin.
Ngokusho kombiko, eminyakeni yamuva nje, imihlahlandlela ye-US FDA incoma ukuthi kuphumule ukusetshenziswa kwe-metformin ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esinesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, kodwa kuphela ezigulini ezinesifo sezinso esithambile.Ezigulini ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi (isigaba 3B) kanye nesifo sezinso esingalapheki esinzima, ukusetshenziswa kwe-metformin kuseyimpikiswano.
UDkt. Katherine R. Tuttle, uprofesa wase-University of Washington e-United States, wathi: “Imiphumela yocwaningo iyaqinisekisa.Ngisho nasezigulini ezinesifo sezinso ezinzima, ingozi ye-lactic acidosis iphansi kakhulu.Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, i-metformin ingase ibe isilinganiso sokuvimbela ukufa futhi Isidakamizwa esibalulekile sokwehluleka kwezinso, kodwa njengoba lolu kuwucwaningo lokubheka emuva nokuhlola, imiphumela kufanele ihunyushwe ngokucophelela.”
2. Amandla okwelapha ahlukahlukene esidakamizwa esiwumlingo i-metformin
I-Metformin ingashiwo njengomuthi wakudala osehlale isikhathi eside.Ekuthuthukisweni kocwaningo lwezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic, ngo-1957, usosayensi waseFrance uStern washicilela imiphumela yakhe yocwaningo futhi wengeza ukukhishwa kwe-lilac okunomsebenzi we-hypoglycemic kubhontshisi wezimbuzi.I-Alkali, ebizwa nge-metformin, iGlucophage, okusho ukuthi umuntu odla ushukela.
Ngo-1994, i-metformin yagunyazwa ngokusemthethweni yi-FDA yase-US ukuthi isetshenziswe ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.I-Metformin, njengomuthi ogunyaziwe wokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ibhalwe njengomuthi womugqa wokuqala we-hypoglycemic emikhombandlela yokwelashwa ehlukahlukene ekhaya naphesheya.Inezinzuzo zomphumela onembile we-hypoglycemic, ingozi ephansi ye-hypoglycemia, kanye nentengo ephansi.Njengamanje umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu Omunye wesigaba sezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic.
Njengomuthi ohlolwe isikhathi eside, kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-120 abasebenzisi be-metformin emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokujula kocwaningo, amandla okwelapha e-metformin anwetshwa ngokuqhubekayo.Ngaphezu kokutholwe kwakamuva, i-metformin itholakale inemiphumela ecishe ibe ngu-20.
1. Umphumela wokuguga
Njengamanje, i-US Food and Drug Administration igunyaze ukuhlolwa komtholampilo “kokusebenzisa i-metformin ukulwa nokuguga”.Isizathu esenza ososayensi bakwamanye amazwe basebenzise i-metformin njengekhandidethi lesidakamizwa esilwa nokuguga kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi i-metformin ingandisa isibalo samangqamuzana omoya-mpilo akhishelwa kumaseli.Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lokhu kubonakala kukhulisa ukuqina komzimba futhi kwelule ukuphila.
2. Ukuncipha kwesisindo
I-Metformin iyi-ejenti ye-hypoglycemic engakwazi ukwehlisa isisindo.Kungakhuphula ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi kunciphise ukuhlangana kwamafutha.Kwabaningi abathanda ushukela wohlobo lwe-2, ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokwako kuyinto ehambisana nokulawula okuzinzile koshukela wegazi.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yithimba labacwaningi base-United States Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) lubonise ukuthi esikhathini socwaningo esingaphuphuthekisiwe seminyaka engu-7-8, iziguli ezathola ukwelashwa kwe-metformin zalahlekelwa isisindo esingama-3.1 kg.
3. Yehlisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu kanye nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwabesifazane abathile abakhulelwe
Ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe kuyi-Lancet lubonisa ukuthi i-metformin ingase yehlise ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu kanye nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwabesifazane abathile abakhulelwe.
Ngokwemibiko, ososayensi baseNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) kanye neSibhedlela sase-St. Olavs benza ucwaningo lweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 futhi bathola ukuthi iziguli ezine-polycystic ovary syndrome ezithatha i-metformin ekupheleni kwezinyanga ezi-3 zokukhulelwa zingase zinciphise ngemva kokukhulelwa. ukuphuphuma kwesisu nokuphuphunyelwa yisisu.Ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
4. Vimbela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa intuthu
Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi ithimba eliholwa nguProfesa Scott Budinger waseNyuvesi yaseNorthwestern University likuqinisekisile kumagundane ukuthi i-metformin ingavimbela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa intuthu, ivimbele amangqamuzana omzimba ekukhipheni i-molecule eyingozi egazini, ivimbele ukwakheka kwe-arterial thrombosis, futhi ngaleyo ndlela. ukunciphisa isimiso senhliziyo.Ingozi yesifo.
5. Ukuvikelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
I-Metformin inemiphumela yokuvikela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi futhi njengamanje ukuphela kwesidakamizwa se-hypoglycemic esinconywa yiziqondiso zesifo sikashukela njengobufakazi obucacile bokuzuza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-metformin kuhlobene kakhulu nokuncipha kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo ezigulini ezisanda kutholwa ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye neziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esezivele zaba nesifo senhliziyo.
6. Thuthukisa i-polycystic ovary syndrome
I-Polycystic ovary syndrome yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esibonakala nge-hyperandrogenemia, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibeletho, kanye ne-polycystic ovary morphology.I-pathogenesis yayo ayicacile, futhi iziguli zivame ukuba namazinga ahlukene e-hyperinsulinemia.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-metformin inganciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, ibuyisele ukusebenza kwayo kwe-ovulation, futhi ithuthukise i-hyperandrogenemia.
7. Thuthukisa izitshalo zamathumbu
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-metformin ingabuyisela ingxenye yezitshalo zamathumbu futhi iyenze iguquke endleleni evumelana nezempilo.Inikeza indawo yokuhlala enenzuzo yamagciwane anenzuzo emathunjini, ngaleyo ndlela ehlisa ushukela wegazi futhi alawule kahle amasosha omzimba.
8. Kulindeleke ukwelapha i-autism ethile
Muva nje, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseMcGill bathole ukuthi i-metformin ingakwazi ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile ze-Fragile X syndrome nge-autism, futhi lolu cwaningo olusha lwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature Medicine, ingxenyana yeNdalo.Njengamanje, i-autism ingesinye sezimo eziningi zezokwelapha ososayensi abakholelwa ukuthi zingelashwa nge-metformin.
9. Reverse pulmonary fibrosis
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yase-Alabama e-Birmingham bathola ukuthi ezigulini ezingabantu ezine-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis kanye ne-mouse pulmonary fibrosis model eyenziwa yi-bleomycin, umsebenzi we-AMPK ezicutshini ze-fibrotic uyancipha, futhi izicubu ziphikisana namaseli I-apoptotic myofibroblasts yanda.
Ukusebenzisa i-metformin ukwenza kusebenze i-AMPK ku-myofibroblasts kungaphinda kuvuselele lawa maseli ku-apoptosis.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumodeli yegundane, i-metformin ingasheshisa ukukhishwa kwezicubu ze-fibrotic esezivele zikhiqizwa.Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-metformin noma amanye ama-agonists e-AMPK angasetshenziswa ukubuyisela emuva i-fibrosis esivele yenzekile.
10. Siza ekuyekeni ukubhema
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania bathole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine isikhathi eside kungaholela ekusebenziseni indlela yokubonisa i-AMPK, evinjelwa ngesikhathi sokuhoxiswa kwe-nicotine.Ngakho-ke, baphetha ngokuthi uma izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukuvula indlela yokusayina ye-AMPK, ingase inciphise impendulo yokuhoxiswa.
I-Metformin iyi-agonist ye-AMPK.Lapho abacwaningi benikeza i-metformin kumagundane ayehoxiswe yi-nicotine, bathola ukuthi kukhulula ukuhoxa kwamagundane.Ucwaningo lwabo lubonisa ukuthi i-metformin ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuyeka ukubhema.
11. Umphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala
Ngaphambilini, izifundo zangaphambi komtholampilo nezomtholampilo zibonise ukuthi i-metformin ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuvuvukala okungapheli ngokuthuthukisa imingcele ye-metabolic efana ne-hyperglycemia, ukumelana ne-insulin kanye ne-atherosclerotic dyslipidemia, kodwa futhi inomphumela oqondile wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-metformin ingavimbela ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi nge-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -incike noma ukuvimbela okuzimele kwe-nuclear transcription factor B (NFB).
12. Hlehlisa ukonakala kwengqondo
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseTexas eDallas baye benza imodeli yegundane elingisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuhlobene nobuhlungu.Basebenzise le modeli ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa eziningi.
Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamagundane nge-200 mg/kg isisindo somzimba se-metformin izinsuku ezingu-7 kungahlehlisa ngokuphelele ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okubangelwa ubuhlungu.
I-Gabapentin, elapha i-neuralgia nesithuthwane, ayinawo umphumela onjalo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-metformin ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi omdala wokwelapha ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ezigulini ezine-neuralgia.
13. Vimbela ukukhula kwesimila
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngokusho kwe-Singularity.com, izazi ze-European Institute of Oncology zithole ukuthi i-metformin nokuzila ukudla kungasebenza ngokubambisana ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezimila zamagundane.
Ngocwaningo olwengeziwe, kwatholakala ukuthi i-metformin nokuzila ukudla kuvimbela ukukhula kwesimila ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-PP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1.Ucwaningo lushicilelwe kuCancer Cell.
14. Ingavimbela ukonakala kwe-macular
UDkt. Yu-Yen Chen wase-Taichung Veterans General Hospital e-Taiwan, e-China usanda kuthola ukuthi izehlakalo zokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene neminyaka (AMD) ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezithatha i-metformin ziphansi kakhulu.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ngenkathi kulawulwa isifo sikashukela, imisebenzi elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant ye-metformin inomphumela wokuvikela ku-AMD.
15. Noma ingaphatha ukuqothuka kwezinwele
Ithimba lika-Huang Jing, usosayensi waseShayina eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles, lathola ukuthi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-metformin ne-rapamycin zingashukumisa izintambo zezinwele esigabeni sokuphumula samagundane ukuze zingene esigabeni sokukhula futhi zikhuthaze ukukhula kwezinwele.Ucwaningo oluhlobene lushicilelwe kujenali yezemfundo edumile ethi Cell Reports.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ososayensi besebenzisa i-metformin ukwelapha iziguli ezine-polycystic ovary syndrome e-China naseNdiya, baphinde babona ukuthi i-metformin ihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokulahlekelwa izinwele.
16. Ukuhlehlisa iminyaka yezinto eziphilayo
Muva nje, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yephephabhuku lamazwe ngamazwe lesayensi nobuchwepheshe "Imvelo" ishicilele izindaba ze-blockbuster.Imibiko ibonisa ukuthi ucwaningo oluncane lwasemtholampilo eCalifornia lubonise okokuqala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuguqula iwashi le-epigenetic lomuntu.Ngonyaka odlule, amavolontiya ayisishiyagalolunye aphile kahle athatha ingxube ye-hormone yokukhula nemithi emibili yesifo sikashukela, kuhlanganise ne-metformin.Kukalwa ngokuhlaziya omaka ku-genome yomuntu, iminyaka yabo yezinto eziphilayo yehle ngesilinganiso seminyaka engu-2.5.
17. Imithi eyinhlanganisela ingase yelaphe umdlavuza webele ongenayo kathathu
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ithimba eliholwa nguDkt. Marsha rich rosner weNyuvesi yaseChicago lithole ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-metformin nesinye isidakamizwa esidala, i-heme (panhematin), ingaqondisa ekwelapheni umdlavuza webele ophindwe kathathu obeka engcupheni impilo yabesifazane. .
Futhi kunobufakazi bokuthi leli su lokwelapha lingase lisebenze ezinhlobonhlobo zomdlavuza njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wezinso, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye kanye ne-acute myeloid leukemia.Ucwaningo oluhlobene lushicilelwe kujenali ephezulu ye-Nature.
18. Ingase yehlise imiphumela emibi yeglucocorticoids
Muva nje, "I-Lancet-Diabetes and Endocrinology" ishicilele ucwaningo-imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi esivivinyweni somtholampilo sesigaba sesi-2, i-metformin esetshenziswa ezigulini ezinezifo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala ingathuthukisa impilo ye-metabolic futhi inciphise ukwelashwa kwe-glucocorticoid Imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ukuhlola kuphakamise ukuthi i-metformin ingase isebenze ngeprotheni eyinhloko ye-metabolic AMPK, futhi indlela yokusebenza ihluke ncamashi kuma-glucocorticoids, futhi inamandla okubuyisela emuva imiphumela engemihle ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kweglucocorticoids.
19. Ithemba lokwelapha i-multiple sclerosis
Ngaphambilini, ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa uRobin JM Franklin waseNyuvesi yaseCambridge kanye nomfundi wakhe uPeter van Wijngaarden bashicilele indatshana ephephabhukwini eliphezulu elithi “Cell Stem Cells” ukuthi bathole uhlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli aguga e-neural stem angalulama ngemva kokwelashwa. I-metformin.Ekuphenduleni izibonakaliso ezikhuthaza ukuhlukanisa, iphinda ibonakale amandla obusha futhi iqhubekisela phambili ukuvuselelwa kwe-nerve myelin.
Lokhu kutholakala kusho ukuthi i-metformin kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo ezihlobene ne-neurodegeneration ezingalungiseki, njenge-multiple sclerosis.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-21-2021